Page 13 - SPEMD_59-2

rev port estomatol med dent cir maxilofac . 2018;59(2):67-74 71

association was checked using Cramer’s V coefficient. To Convex profiles were predominant in individuals with
estimate the influence of the breathing pattern, head and standard oral breathing, with statistically significant differenc-
neck posture, occlusal class, and facial pattern on TMDs se- es (p<0.05), as shown in Table 2.
verity and the lower cervicofacial ratio, we performed a mul- Results showed an increased cervicofacial ratio for oral
tinomial regression analysis, following the validation of its breathers (ratio: 86.3%), which was far greater than for nasal
assumptions. breathers (ratio: 37.2%) to a statistically significant degree (p<0.05).
Our relational study using Cramer’s V coefficient revealed a pos-
itive and moderate association (V=0.517), as shown in Table 2.
Results Results of our comparative analysis of head and neck pos-
ture according to breathing pattern are presented in Table 3.
The sample comprised 139 participants aged between 12 to 15
years, with a mean age of 13.0±0.72 years, and most of whom Horizontal head alignment: Anterior view
(n=58; 41.7%) were male. The frequency of oral breathing was Oral breathers exhibited a predominant tilt of the head to
63%, and the most frequent occlusal classes were Classes I the left and nasal breathers a predominan tilt to the right, with
and II (53% and 37%, respectively). statistically significant differences (p<0.05).
An increased prevalence of Angle Class II occlusion was
found in individuals with oral breathing patterns (p<0.001), Horizontal acromion alignment: Anterior view
with a dependency relationship between the variables (Ta- Right shoulder elevation was more pronounced among oral
ble 1). breathers than among nasal breathers, but without any statis-
tically significant differences (p =0.63).
Table 1. Comparative analysis of occlusal class according
to breathing pattern Horizontal head alignment: Sagittal plane to C7
Oral breathers tended to show a forward tilt of the head
Occlusal Class Chi -square
Breathing test (<45.º), with statistically significant differences (p<0.05) be-
Pattern tween groups, yet with lower values in the group of standard
Class I Class II Class III Total (p value)
oral breathers.
Oral 36 43 9 88
Nasal 38 8 5 51 < 0.001 Vertical head alignment: Sagittal plane to acromion
Oral breathers demonstrated a tendency toward anterior-
Total 74 51 14 139
ization in vertical head alignment. Values of vertical head

Table 2. Comparative analysis of facial profile and lower cervicofacial ratio according to breathing pattern
Breathing Pattern
Chi -square test
Oral Nasal (p value)
Straight 16 18
Facial Profile Convex 66 28
Concave 6 5

Increased 76 19 V Cramer Coefficient
Lower Cervicofacial Decreased 6 22 <0.001 Moderate
Ratio
Association
Standard 6 10 (V=0.517)
Total 88 51

Table 3. Comparative analysis of head and neck posture according to breathing pattern, with the respective p value from
Mann -Whitney Test
Oral Breathing (n=88) Nasal Breathing (n=51)
Postural Variable p value
Median (IR) (º) Median (IR) (º)
Horizontal Head Alignment (anterior view) -1.25 (3.40) -0.40 (3.90) 0.097
Horizontal Acromions Alignment (anterior view) 0.10 (2.45) -0.60 (2.80) 0.629
Horizontal Head Alignment (C7 – sagittal plane) 45.00 (1.85) 52.40 (5.80) <0.001
Vertical Head Alignment (sagittal plan – acromion) 7.21 (8.58) -1.50 (1.20) <0.001
IR: Interquartile Range